Publicação: A Pacificação de Moçambique no Final do Século XIX, à Luz da Velha Aliança
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Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino
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Portugal tem com a Inglaterra a mais velha aliança do mundo.
Assinada em 1386 por D. João I, para garantir protecção contra Castela e para
assegurar a independência nacional, foi evoluindo através das sucessivas ratificações.
No século XIX dá-se a “corrida a África” e em 1884-5, a Conferência de Berlim
obriga a que as potências europeias tomem medidas activas de ocupação do território.
O projecto português do Mapa Cor-de-Rosa e o Inglês de ligar o Cabo ao Cairo
são incompatíveis e o choque de interesses leva ao azedar das relações.
A 11 de Janeiro de 1890 dá-se o Ultimatum Britânico e com ele surgirá mais de
uma década de anglofobismo que marcará a política portuguesa.
No final do mesmo ano, a British South Africa Company invade o distrito de Manica em Moçambique, destabilizando a administração portuguesa e agravando o sentimento contra a Inglaterra. Também o Acordo de 1891 , de delimitação de fronteiras, se mostra prejudicial e enterra de vez o sonho do Mapa Cor-de-Rosa.
Lourenço Marques entretanto tornara-se o mais importante porto regional. A
construção de uma linha férrea entre este e Pretória vem agravar a severa crise económica que Portugal enfrenta.
Multiplicam-se os boatos de que para solucionar o problema, será necessário
proceder à alienação das colónias.
Em 1898, Inglaterra e Alemanha assinam um acordo secreto, em que partilham
entre si o território português, caso não se consiga pagar um eventual empréstimo.
Resta saber qual o estado da Aliança no meio de todos estes acontecimentos.
Abstract Portugal and England have the world´s oldest alliance. Signed in 1386 by D. João I, to ensure protection against the Kingdom of Castela and to ensure national independence, it evolved throughout a different number of ratifications. In the nineteenth century, the “race for Africa” and in particular the Berlin Conference, forced European countries to take active measure for Africa’s occupation. The Portuguese project of the Mapa Cor-de-Rosa and the English one to connect the city of Cabo to the Cairo could not co-exist and led to demise between their relations. January 11 th 1890, was the day of the British Ultimatum. With it would rise more than a decade of resentment that would leave a mark on Portuguese policies. In that same year the British South Africa Company invaded Manica in Mozambique thus destabilizing the Portuguese regional administration and making the anti-British sentiment even worse. The Agreement of 1891 that regulated the boarders was also bad for Portugal and buried the dream of the Mapa Cor-de-Rosa. In the meanwhile Delagoa had become the most important regional port. The construction of a railway line between it and Pretoria made Portugal´s severe economic crisis even worse. Rumors spread that to solve the crisis it would be necessary to alienate the colonies. In 1898, England and Germany signed a secret agreement in which they shared the Portuguese colonies amongst themselves if Portugal was not able to pay out an eventual loan. One question can then be asked. What was the state of the Alliance in the middle of all these events?
Abstract Portugal and England have the world´s oldest alliance. Signed in 1386 by D. João I, to ensure protection against the Kingdom of Castela and to ensure national independence, it evolved throughout a different number of ratifications. In the nineteenth century, the “race for Africa” and in particular the Berlin Conference, forced European countries to take active measure for Africa’s occupation. The Portuguese project of the Mapa Cor-de-Rosa and the English one to connect the city of Cabo to the Cairo could not co-exist and led to demise between their relations. January 11 th 1890, was the day of the British Ultimatum. With it would rise more than a decade of resentment that would leave a mark on Portuguese policies. In that same year the British South Africa Company invaded Manica in Mozambique thus destabilizing the Portuguese regional administration and making the anti-British sentiment even worse. The Agreement of 1891 that regulated the boarders was also bad for Portugal and buried the dream of the Mapa Cor-de-Rosa. In the meanwhile Delagoa had become the most important regional port. The construction of a railway line between it and Pretoria made Portugal´s severe economic crisis even worse. Rumors spread that to solve the crisis it would be necessary to alienate the colonies. In 1898, England and Germany signed a secret agreement in which they shared the Portuguese colonies amongst themselves if Portugal was not able to pay out an eventual loan. One question can then be asked. What was the state of the Alliance in the middle of all these events?
