Publicação: Controlo de infestantes na cultura de milho biológico na Escola Superior Agária de Coimbra
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RESUMO
O controlo de infestantes é uma das principais preocupações do agricultor. O presente trabalho visou avaliar a eficácia de três tratamentos que poderão ser eficazes no controlo de infestantes na cultura de milho biológico tanto na entrelinha como na linha, nomeadamente a aplicação de queimador, a cobertura do solo com estilha e o pastoreio com patos. Pretendeu-se também avaliar a resistência/ suscetibilidade de cada espécie infestante aos diferentes tratamentos e ainda a produtividade do milho nos diferentes tratamentos aplicados. A parte prática da investigação decorreu entre maio e outubro de 2015, em Coimbra, na superfície agrícola da Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, em concreto, na área certificada em Agricultura Biológica, utilizando milho da variedade regional ‘Pigarro’. A estilha e o queimador foram aplicados em duas fases distintas, a estilha, numa primeira fase, logo após a sementeira e o queimador após o aparecimento das primeiras plântulas e, numa segunda fase, após uma sacha. Obtiveram-se melhores resultados destes tratamentos quando aplicados após a sacha. O pastoreio com patos decorreu também após uma primeira sacha, tendo-se verificado que o principal efeito dos animais sobre as infestantes foi o pisoteio, impedindo que estas se desenvolvessem. Comparando os tratamentos em estudo, estilha, queimador e pastoreio com patos, verificou-se que o pastoreio com patos teve resultados semelhantes às aplicações da estilha e do queimador quando estes foram aplicados após a sacha. Apresentaram resultados semelhantes à testemunha técnica e melhores que o tratamento sem combate a infestantes. A espécie Cyperus esculentus foi a que se revelou mais resistente aos diferentes tratamentos. A produtividade do milho não apresentou diferenças significativas nos tratamentos. No entanto, foi condicionada por factores externos, nomeadamente, ataque por animais, o que limitou as conclusões relativamente a este parâmetro. Os resultados obtidos, embora preliminares e necessitando de uma continuidade de estudos, indicam que os tratamentos estudados poderão constituir alternativas válidas no controlo de infestantes em milho biológico.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estilha, Infestantes, Milho biológico, Pastoreio com Pato de Pequim, ‘Pigarro’, Queimador .
ABSTRACT Weed control is a major concern for farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three treatments that may be effective in weed control in biological corn both at the line and at the interline, namely the propane flaming application, soil cover with wood chips and grazing with ducks. The work also aimed to evaluate the resistance/ susceptibility of each weed species to the different treatments and additionally to measure corn yield in the different treatments applied. The research took place between May and October 2015, in Coimbra, at the agricultural area of the Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, namely at the area certified in organic farming, using ‘Pigarro’, a regional corn variety. The wood chips and the propane flaming were applied in two stages. The wood chips in a first stage, immediately after sowing and the propane flaming after the appearance of the first seedlings and in a second stage, after weeding, yielding best results when the application of treatments ocurred after weeding. The grazing with ducks also took place after a first hoeing, and it was found that the main effect on the weeds was trampling by the ducks, preventing the development of the weeds. Grazing with ducks gave similar results to flaming and wood chips when both were applied after weeding. These 3 treatments were similar to technical control and better than the control without any weed removal. Cyperus esculentus proved to be the weed species more resistant to the different treatments. The corn production was similar amongst treatments but it was conditioned by other factors (e. g. attack by animal) which limit the conclusions about this parameter beyond the application of treatments. The results, though preliminary and demanding a continuity of studies indicate that the treatments may be worthwhile in weeds control in organic corn. KEYWORDS: Grazing with ‘Pato de Pequim’, Organic corn, ‘Pigarro’, Propane flaming, Weeds, Wood chips.
ABSTRACT Weed control is a major concern for farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three treatments that may be effective in weed control in biological corn both at the line and at the interline, namely the propane flaming application, soil cover with wood chips and grazing with ducks. The work also aimed to evaluate the resistance/ susceptibility of each weed species to the different treatments and additionally to measure corn yield in the different treatments applied. The research took place between May and October 2015, in Coimbra, at the agricultural area of the Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, namely at the area certified in organic farming, using ‘Pigarro’, a regional corn variety. The wood chips and the propane flaming were applied in two stages. The wood chips in a first stage, immediately after sowing and the propane flaming after the appearance of the first seedlings and in a second stage, after weeding, yielding best results when the application of treatments ocurred after weeding. The grazing with ducks also took place after a first hoeing, and it was found that the main effect on the weeds was trampling by the ducks, preventing the development of the weeds. Grazing with ducks gave similar results to flaming and wood chips when both were applied after weeding. These 3 treatments were similar to technical control and better than the control without any weed removal. Cyperus esculentus proved to be the weed species more resistant to the different treatments. The corn production was similar amongst treatments but it was conditioned by other factors (e. g. attack by animal) which limit the conclusions about this parameter beyond the application of treatments. The results, though preliminary and demanding a continuity of studies indicate that the treatments may be worthwhile in weeds control in organic corn. KEYWORDS: Grazing with ‘Pato de Pequim’, Organic corn, ‘Pigarro’, Propane flaming, Weeds, Wood chips.
