Publicação: Células estaminais mesenquimais : potencial de utilização em medicina dentária
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A população das células estaminais já é estudada há vários anos como recurso de
células com propriedades regenerativas. Mais especificamente as células estaminais
mesenquimais têm sido o principal foco de estudo atualmente, pois não implicam tantos
problemas éticos como as células estaminais embrionárias.
Existem diversas fontes de recolha de células estaminais mesenquimais, sendo as
mais usadas a medula óssea e o tecido adiposo. Algumas dessas fontes são também os
tecidos dentários e orais (DMSCs), como os dentes decíduos exfoliados, de onde se
recolhem as SHEDs, o ligamento periodontal, onde se encontram as PDLSCs, a papila
apical, recolhem-se as SCAPs, os folículos dentários, as suas MSCs são as DFSCs e o
gérmen dentário, que contém as TGSCs.
Depois da recolha dessas células, várias são as aplicações para as quais se podem utilizar, dentro da medicina regenerativa. E na medicina dentária, o potencial de
regeneração é um fator de extrema importância, para os vários defeitos que podem
ocorrer. São eles: defeitos do tecido duro dentário, como doenças pulpares ou periodontais; defeitos maxilofaciais e defeitos da mucosa.
As DMSCs têm sido cada vez mais estudadas e abordadas na engenharia de
tecidos, devido às suas propriedades de regeneração acopladas à sua facilidade de
recolha.
Com esta revisão bibliográfica serão abordadas as várias propriedades, funções, fontes e aplicações das MSCs e das DMSCs, apoiadas pela literatura mais recente, bem
como o futuro da sua investigação e utilização.
The stem cell population has been studied for many years as a resource of cells with regenerative properties. Specifically, mesenchymal stem cells have been the main focus of study these days, as they do not entail as many ethical issues as embryonic stem cells. There is varied number of collection sources of mesenchymal stem cells, however the bone marrow and the adipose tissue are the most used. Other sources include the oral and dental tissues (DMSCs), such as exfoliated teeth, from where SHEDs are collected, the periodontal ligament, where one can find the PDLSCs, the apical papilla, from where SCAPs are harvested, the dental follicle, its MSCS ate the DFSCs and the dental germen, that contains the TGSCs. After those cells are collected, there are various possible applications in the regenerative medicine field; and in dentistry the regenerative potential is an aspect of great importance for all the defects that happen in the oral cavity. Hard dental tissue defects, pulp and periodontal diseases, maxillofacial defects and mucosal defects. The DMSCs are being more and more studied and addressed in tissue engineering, due to their regenerative properties, coupled with their ease in harvesting. With this literature review, there will be approached the properties, functions, sources and applications of the MSCs and the DMSCs, supported by the latest literature, as well as its investigation and uses in the future.
The stem cell population has been studied for many years as a resource of cells with regenerative properties. Specifically, mesenchymal stem cells have been the main focus of study these days, as they do not entail as many ethical issues as embryonic stem cells. There is varied number of collection sources of mesenchymal stem cells, however the bone marrow and the adipose tissue are the most used. Other sources include the oral and dental tissues (DMSCs), such as exfoliated teeth, from where SHEDs are collected, the periodontal ligament, where one can find the PDLSCs, the apical papilla, from where SCAPs are harvested, the dental follicle, its MSCS ate the DFSCs and the dental germen, that contains the TGSCs. After those cells are collected, there are various possible applications in the regenerative medicine field; and in dentistry the regenerative potential is an aspect of great importance for all the defects that happen in the oral cavity. Hard dental tissue defects, pulp and periodontal diseases, maxillofacial defects and mucosal defects. The DMSCs are being more and more studied and addressed in tissue engineering, due to their regenerative properties, coupled with their ease in harvesting. With this literature review, there will be approached the properties, functions, sources and applications of the MSCs and the DMSCs, supported by the latest literature, as well as its investigation and uses in the future.
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
